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Advanced TOEFL
Winter Quarter 2003
Class Meetings: TR
Instructor:
Michael Buckhoff Office Phone: 880-5978 (Leave message)
mbuckhoff@aol.com
URL: http://buckhoff.topcities.com
Office: UH
Classroom: EE101
Office Hours: TR 4:00-5:50 PM
Class Period:
8:00-9:50 a.m.
Course Overview and Policy
Materials
Three ring binder/notebook, 200 sheets loose
leaf college ruled notebook paper, and reinforced index dividers for each of
your classes.
Cambridge Preparation for the TOEFL by Jolene Gear (CSUSB Bookstore)
The Write Course
for the TWE for the High-Advanced Student
by Michael Buckhoff (Campus Copy at 1331 W. Kendal Drive # 2 San Bernardino,
California 92407)
Goals
Each year, many international students come to
the US to study English. Others study English as an international language in
their own country. Because English is not their first language, these students
try to demonstrate their competency in listening, grammar, reading, and writing
by taking the TOEFL test. The test is administered by the Educational Testing
Service of Princeton, New Jersey. A record number of 844,993 test-takers from
all over the world took the TOEFL test in 1994-1995 ("Number of Test-Takers at
an All-time High" p. 1). A high score on this test "is an essential step in
being admitted to graduate or undergraduate programs at almost all colleges and
universities in North America" ( Rogers p. ix).
The purpose of this class is:
1). Be familiar with the directions and
test-taking strategies for all sections of the computer based and paper based
TOEFL test.
2). To solve listening, grammar, reading, and
writing problems for the moderate to difficult TOEFL test questions.
3). To apply your existing English abilities,
TOEFL knowledge, and test-taking strategies to two TOEFL practice tests.
4). Help you become accustomed to TOEFL
test-taking conditions by working on timing and concentration while taking the
practice tests.
To prepare for the TOEFL, it is important
that you practice TOEFL every day (Ajana Ouersoontornwatana, Thailand).
5). To prepare you with a general knowledge
of English.
6). To help you to apply the above five
skills to an official paper based institutional and computer based
international TOEFL test.
Requirements
TOEFL Practice Tests: "Paper Based"
You will take three practice tests during this
quarter. The practice tests will serve as a diagnostic to measure your progress
from the first week of the quarter until the tenth week of the quarter. You will
be given a score by which you can begin to mark your progress. Work hard to
improve your TOEFL test scores.
You must be present to take these tests. After
taking the practice tests, we will have a review in which we will discuss the
incorrect answers as well as the correct answers. Please submit the answer sheet
to me so that I may calculate your practice test score.
We will also discuss how we are using the TOEFL
test strategies to determine correct and incorrect answers. Because of time
constraints, we will not discuss all the incorrect answers on the test. It is
your responsibility to review the entire test at home focusing on the areas of
the test that are the most difficult. Concentrate on the TOEFL exercises
covering your weaknesses as indicated by the diagnostic and practice tests.
Assessment of TWE
Two experienced composition instructors will
independently score your TWE according to the following guidelines. In case of a
discrepancy, a third instructor will read your essay. Use the Scoring Guide for
the TWE to determine if your essay passed or did not pass:
6 = Pass 4 = Pass
6- = Pass 3 = No Pass
5+= Pass 3- = No Pass
5 = Pass 2+= No Pass
5- = Pass 2 = No Pass
4+= Pass 1 = No Pass
Tips for
Taking the Test of Written English (TWE)
Immediately after
you read the essay question, think about it before you start to write. Making a
brief outline or some notes on a separate piece of paper may help you to
organize your essay. You will be allowed to make notes in the TWE test book.
How well you
write is much more important than how much you write, but to cover the topic
adequately, you will probably want to write more than one paragraph.
Write neatly
and legibly. You will not be graded on the neatness of your handwriting, but
the raters who evaluate your essay must be able to read your handwriting.
Be sure to
check your work. Read over your essay and make any necessary changes.
Tutorials
After you take the TWEs, you are encouraged to
visit the writing center located in UH 387. There are many knowledgeable,
interested and friendly tutors in the center who are ready to help you according
to your needs.
If score lower than 4-, you are required to
have a personal conference with me so that I can show you why your essay did not
pass. Based on our discussion, you may rewrite the TWE again to see if you can
get a higher score. Remember that practice makes perfect!
Scoring Guide for TWE
Superior 6 demonstrates superior writing, but
may have minor flaws. An essay in this category:
 | addresses the topic clearly and responds
effectively to all aspects of the task; |
| explores the issues thoughtfully and in
depth; |
| is coherently and logically organized, with
ideas supported by apt reasons and well-chosen examples; |
| is generally free from errors in mechanics,
usage, and sentence structure.
|
Strong 5 demonstrates clear competence in
writing. It may have some errors, but they are not serious to distract or
confuse the reader. An essay in this category:
| clearly addresses the topic, but may respond
to some aspects of the task more effectively than others; |
| shows some depth and complexity of thought;
|
| is well organized and developed with
appropriate reasons and examples; |
| displays some syntactic variety and facility in the use of language; |
| may have a few errors in mechanics, usage,
and sentence structure.
|
Adequate 4 demonstrates adequate writing. It may have some errors that
distract the reader, but they do not significantly obscure meaning. An essay in
this category:
| addresses the topic, but may slight some aspects of the task; |
| may treat the topic simplistically or repetitively; |
| is adequately organized and developed, generally supporting ideas with
reasons and examples; |
| demonstrates adequate facility with syntax and language; |
| may have some errors, but generally demonstrates control of mechanics,
usage, and sentence structure.
|
Marginal 3 demonstrates developing competence, but is flawed in some
significant way(s). An essay in this category reveals
one or
more of the following
weaknesses:
| distorts or neglects aspects of the task; |
| lacks focus, or demonstrates confused or simplistic thinking; |
| is poorly organized or developed; |
| does not provide adequate or appropriate details to support
generalizations, or provides details without generalizations; |
| has problems with or avoids syntactic variety; |
| has an accumulation of errors in mechanics, usage, and sentence structure.
|
Inadequate 2 is seriously flawed. An essay in this category reveals one or
more of the following weaknesses:
| indicates confusion about the topic or neglects important aspects of the
task; |
| lacks focus and coherence, or often fails to communicate its ideas; |
| has very weak organization, too little development; |
| provides simplistic generalizations without support; |
| has inadequate sentence control and a limited vocabulary; |
| is marred by numerous errors in mechanics, usage, and sentence structure.
|
Incompetent 1 demonstrates fundamental deficiencies in writing skills. An
essay in this category reveals one or more of the following weaknesses:
| suggests an inability to comprehend the question or to respond
meaningfully to the topic; |
| is unfocused, illogical, incoherent, or disorganized; |
| is undeveloped; |
| provides little or no relevant support; |
| has serious and persistent errors in word choice, mechanics, usage, and
sentence structure. |
TOEFL Practice Test Review
You will be able to benefit from a thorough review of the practice tests. For
that reason, I have set aside class time after each test for a review. In order
to have effective review sessions, keep in mind the following points:
1. As we review practice test, we will discuss the most frequent TOEFL
language errors on the listening, grammar, reading, and writing sections of
the test that the class had difficulty with. We will talk about how you can
determine if an answer is correct or incorrect.
2. As we review the practice tests, it is important to understand how TOEFL
test strategies could have been used to determine correct and incorrect
answers.
3. When we review the listening exercises, we will refer to the tapescript
to discuss each question. Be sure to bring your "User's Guide" to class.
Homework Assignments
After we discuss TOEFL listening, grammar, reading, and writing skill
building and test-taking strategies in class, I will assign homework so that you
can reinforce and build your skills sufficiently to answer TOEFL test questions
competently. After you finish your homework assignments, use the answer key to
check your answers.
It is probably not necessary for you to complete all of the homework exercises
outlined in my syllabus. Moreover, you do not need to complete every exercise in
this book in preparation for the TOEFL. Concentrate on the exercises covering
your weaknesses as indicated by the diagnostic pre-tests and practice tests that
we will take in this class. In addition, you may find that an exercise is too
easy for you. If that is the case, go on to an exercise that will be more
challenging.
Extended Reading for 45 minutes
Reading is a critical skill needed by second language students not only for
TOEFL but also for academic success. Extensive reading (reading large amounts of
English only texts) provides ESL students the means for developing the
background knowledge necessary for more speculative thinking. In a survey
obtained by Ostler, ESL students considered reading the most important skill for
future academic success (Ellis, 1985).
Reading is not a skill that you just get or understand.
You must do large amounts of extensive
reading both from a text and from a computer screen in order to develop and
learn the skill. Timing and concentration are extremely
important skills for the reading section of the TOEFL. As you work in class on
the extended readings, I want you to be aware of the following "bad habits" that
you may have as a non native reader of English which may prevent you from
learning to read the same way we do as native readers. Some of these "bad
habits" are:
The best way to read is to translate all the words from English into your
own language.
In order to understand what you read, you use the dictionary to look up all
the words you don't understand.
In order to understand what you read, you look closely at each word and
translate it.
In order to read well, you think that you need to understand all the words
on a page.
In order to concentrate well when reading, you read slowly and carefully.
You also write the meanings of all the words on the page.
You believe that there is only one way to read. As a result you read the
newspaper the same way as you would read a textbook.
If you do any of these"bad habits" when you read, you might not be able
to finish the
reading comprehension section of the TOEFL. In addition, you may have
poor
reading comprehension.
Many of you have been reading for 10 years or more and you have your own reading
habits. Habits are very difficult to change. Ten weeks is a short time to learn
new reading habits. But you will begin to learn how to read more quickly and
easily during this term. Read, read and read some more! That's how you get
better.
Increase your knowledge of everyday English
Deborah Phillips says in her book,
Longman Preparation Course for the TOEFL Test Skills and Strategies:
An understanding of the TOEFL strategies and skills presented in this text
can improve your TOEFL score. However, skills and strategies alone will not
make you successful; a good basic knowledge of the English Language is also
necessary. Therefore do not forget the general study of the English language
as you work to prepare for the TOEFL test (xv).
Bruce Rogers states in his book that the best way to increase your general
knowledge of English is to use English as much as you can. He says:
You can't learn all the English you'll need to do well on TOEFL from
this guide or in a TOEFL preparation class. Other classes will be useful, as
will any opportunities to speak, read, write or listen to English. Some people
who are preparing for TOEFL think that conversation classes and practice are a
waste of time because speaking skills are not tested on the exam. In fact, one
of the best ways to get ready for the exam is to speak English whenever you
can. Not only will you improve your ability to listen to everyday English, but
you will learn to think in English....(xxiv)
Top Ten TOEFL Tips
In addition to the comments by Phillips and Rogers, Keep in mind the
following ten points about TOEFL study:
1. Study Regularly. Begin studying English as soon as you
can. You can forget English very quickly, so don't take a break from it.
2. All English practice is helpful. Anything you do in
English will help you learn the language both in school and for informal
situations. Don't rule out movies, TV or other "non-academic" forms of English.
3. Practice budgeting your time. When you take a TOEFL
practice test, be strict with yourself. Work within the allotted time for each
section. This will help you get a feel for how much time you can spend on each
question.
4. Identify your problem areas. To improve, do a variety of
exercises, and do exercises which help you grow in English. If your problem is
Reading Comprehension, don't just do TOEFL Reading Comprehension questions. Read
many different things.
5. When you practice, notice how often you change a correct response.
When doing TOEFL exercises, many students find changed answers that they had
originally answered correctly. If you see yourself doing this, stop changing
answers.
6. Erase thoroughly. A machine reads your answer grid, so
you must fill in the ovals carefully. If you erase, erase completely. If you
skip a difficult question to come back to later, be careful to leave that space
blank.
7. Work quickly through the easy questions. Answer questions
you are sure about as quickly as possible to leave yourself time to think about
complicated questions.
8. Answer all questions. There is no penalty for guessing.
Never leave anything blank on the TOEFL. If you don't know the answer, guess.
9. Be sure about your goal. If you need TOEFL, you have
probably decided to go to a university or professional training program. So your
ultimate goal is success at the university. Learn academic English so that you
can succeed on the TOEFL and in your classes.
10. Learn English. Taking practice TOEFL tests is not
enough. If you want to get a higher TOEFL score, you must study English and
especially vocabulary.
Top Ten TOEFL Tips for Preparing for
and Taking the Computer- Based TOEFL Test
In order to help you stay current with new testing trends, I have included
some tips from TOEFL online, "Are You Prepared to Take the Computer-Based
TOEFL,"
in order to help prepare you for the new computer-based TOEFL that will be
offered beginning in June 1998.
1. To be comfortable with all sections on the day of the test,
spend as much time as you need with the tutorial for each timed section.
2. To use the allotted time for each section wisely,
familiarize yourself with how to use the computer and the types of materials,
questions, and directions that are in the test. Become familiar with the
formats, requirements of each section of the test.
3. The directions at the beginning of each section will provide you
with the total number of questions in the section and time allowed for each
section. Read the directions carefully. They explain exactly what is
required in order to answer each question type and can be reviewed as needed.
4. Read each question carefully and thoroughly. Before
answering a question, determine exactly what is being asked. Always read and
understand all possible answers. If you do not, you may miss important
information.
5. Pace yourself so that you have enough time to answer every
question. Pay attention to the number of questions and the amount of
time remaining during your testing session. Do not spend too much time on a
single question.
6. Answer every question in each section. This will allow
you to get the best possible score. (If you do not finish in
the allotted time, you will still get a score as long as you have worked on
every section.)
7. You must answer each question in the Listening and Structure
sections (the computer adaptive sections) before you can go on to the next one.
If you do not know the answer to a question, first eliminate any answer choices
that are obviously incorrect.
8. In the Listening and Structure, confirm your answer only when you
are certain you are ready to move on to the next question. You cannot
omit questions or go back and change answers. In Reading, you will be allowed to
go back and change your answers.
9. To prepare for the Writing section of the test, practice by using
sample topics found at www.TOEFL.org. You will have 30 minutes to
compose your assigned essay. You may either handwrite your essay or type it on
the computer. Go to www.TOEFL.org to help you decide if you want to type your
answer. Look under the heading, "How to answer-Writing" ("Are You Prepared to
Take the Computer-Based TOEFL Test" no pag.).
10. Order a copy of the CD-ROM, "TOEFL Sampler," so that you
can practice the new computer-based TOEFL test. Go to
http://www.toefl.org. to place your order or
call 1-800-446-3319.
PBT and the CBT: Some Comparisons
The below chart shows the similarities and differences of the paper-based and
the computer-based TOEFL. Use it as a quick reference.
| The
PBT and
the CBT: A Quick Glance |
| Reference materials |
Test preparation and practice kits
available www.toefl.org |
TOEFL sampler CD Rom
TOEFL Online tutorial www.toefl.org |
| Administration of test |
Paper test book and answer sheet |
On computer |
| Cost |
$75 |
$100-US and Canada
$125-other countries |
| Time lines |
One of twelve dates scheduled by ETS |
Go when chosen center is open |
| Logistics of registration |
Mail a paper registration form |
Call to schedule an appointment or
register by mail |
| Cancellation policies |
No cancellations are accepted |
Cancellations are accepted |
| Testing environment |
Classroom or auditorium |
Individual testing stations |
| Test format |
Listening Comprehension (Parts A,
B, and C), Structure and Written
Expression, and Reading
Comprehension. (Optional TWE is
given five times a year) |
Listening (Parts A and B),
Structure, Reading, and
Writing (All must compose an
essay). |
| Duration of test |
Three hours |
Four to four and one-half hours |
| Types of Questions |
All multiple choice |
Question types vary and some are computer
adaptive (i.e. listening and structure) |
| Test results |
Sent five weeks by mail |
Sent two weeks by mail, may view
unofficial scores on screen except for essay score |
| TOEFL scores |
Official scores can be sent to three
institutions |
Official scores can be sent to four
institutions |
| How long scores stay on files |
Two years |
Two years |
("Two TOEFL Testing Formats pp. 1-3).
Consider the following advice ETS gives to students who access the TOEFL
website:
No single school, textbook , or teaching method is best to help prepare
someone for the CBT, because the test is not based on specific courses of
study. Language proficiency and writing ability can only be achieved after a
relatively long period of study and practice. An attempt to study English for
the first time shortly before taking the test will not be helpful ("TOEFL
1998-1999 Information Bulletin for Computer Based Testing": n. pag.).
TOEFL and the Internet
Many students have not realized the potential benefits of using the Internet
for overall and TOEFL language solving problems. Because the new TOEFL is
becoming a computer based test, it is more important than ever to take advantage
of the vast amounts of TOEFL and English language information available via the
Internet. I will include two kinds of web sites for you to "explore" as you work
on
learning the TOEFL listening, grammar, reading, and writing skills that are
available via the Internet. Keep in mind that web sites are constantly changing,
and some are better than others. As you "surf the web", you
will find the web sites that you like.
A. Academic and informative websites
1. Discovery channel online
2. Dine net
3. Electric Minds. Com
4. Imdb.com
5. Mind.com
6. Epicurious.com
7. Kidsworld.com
8. Showbiz.com
10. Salon magazine.com
11. The Onion.com
12. Almanac.com
13. Swoon.com
14. Spectacle.com
15. Suck.com
16. ESPN.com
17. Looksmart.com
18. Moma.org
19. Why files.news.wisc.edu
20. Word.com
21. Smash.com
22. ESPN Sports Zone
B. ESL Websites
1. CNN & ESL Vocabulary
2. Dave's ESL Café - Student E-mail boards, ESL exercises
3. Dear Christy - Online advice for international students
4. ESL on the Web
5. Exchange - ESL/EFL students writing published; cross cultural
information; links to resources.
6. Frizzy University (Fun) ESL writing assignments, E-mail schmooz, on line
references
7. Grammar Clinic - Ask questions about grammar and get answers
8. Grammar Safari - How to find contextualized examples of word/structure
in electronic texts
9. Hypergrammar - , On line grammar course from U. Ottawa
10. Schmooze U - Students have group/one on one on line conversations;
access to language games, dictionary, other resources
11. Virtual English Language Center - E-mail penpals, weekly idioms,
fluency through fables, software catalog
12. Word Watch - Vocabulary builder
13. TOEFL [many websites under this general heading]
Optional Requirement: Does not have
to be handed in
TOEFL Success Journal
Though the TOEFL success journal is not an assignment, it is an individual
exercise in which you consciously think about your TOEFL language solving
progress. In order to help you mark your progress, I recommend that you keep a
personal TOEFL Success Journal. By keeping a personal journal, you will
encourage yourself to think about your learning. And hopefully, you will make
your thoughts become actions as you do specific things that will help you
increase your TOEFL score.
You should write the journal based on your experiences with the TOEFL test
taking strategies/ exercises that you read and study in my class. Include in the
journal how you are doing on the TOEFL practice tests as well as what kinds of
"out of class" preparations you are doing to help build your listening, grammar
and reading language skills. Which of the test taking strategies are/or are not
working for you? Ask yourself the following questions about TOEFL :
| What magazines have you read this week? |
| What have you done this week to improve your listening comprehension? |
| What have you done this week to improve your structure and written
expression skills? |
| What have you done this week to improve your reading comprehension skills? |
| What parts are the most difficult for you with the listening section of
the TOEFL (i.e. short, extended conversations, or mini-talks)?
|
| What test taking strategies can you apply that will help you improve your
listening skills for the TOEFL? |
| What parts are the most difficult for you with the structure and written
expression section of the TOEFL (i.e. word forms, word order, adjective
clauses, complements)? |
| What test taking strategies can you apply that will help you improve your
structure and written expression skills (i.e. intuitive, analytical, reading
out loud)? |
| How many native speakers do you talk to every day? |
| What parts are the most difficult for you with the reading comprehension
part of the TOEFL (i.e. language, inference, main idea, or detail questions)? |
| What test taking strategies can you apply that will help you improve your
reading comprehension skills? |
| How many words can you read in a minute? Is this faster or slower than
your reading speed last week? |
| How many hours do you spend a week reading both from a text and from a
computer screen? Do you enjoy it? Do you translate into your native language
when you read or do you use vocabulary in context? |
The weekly journal will give you a complete record of your language and TOEFL
preparation progress.
Late Work
Practice tests submitted after the due date will not be accepted. In other
words, you will receive no points. I will only allow you to make up missed work
if you have a written documented excuse from someone stating the urgency of the
situation (e.g. Doctor's note, CHP accident report, etc.).
Attendance
Your attendance is required at all class meetings. Only written documented
excuses for an absence may result in your making up an assignment or graded
daily work. Absences endanger your grade simply because you are missing out in
the learning process. Two absences will result in an overall reduction
of one full letter grade and Four absences will result in a failing grade for
this class. Come to class on time. Three tardies will be counted as an
absence. If you arrive fifteen minutes late or more, you will be counted absent
for that class period. If you do come late to class, please enter quietly so as
not to distract the other students. Do not explain to me why you are late.
Please note the following calculations:
0 absences = 40% of attendance grade
Extra credit on final grade calculations
1 absence = 30% of attendance grade
2 absences = 20% of attendance grade
3 absences = 10% of attendance grade
4 absences = Failure in class
Grading
The number letter grading scale is set as follows:
A 95-100
A- 90-94
B+ 87-89
B 84-86
B- 80-83
C+ 76-79
C 70-75
NC 69& below
Scoring Grade
Your final grade will be calculated as follows:
Attendance and Participation 10%
Diagnostic Test 1 + TWE 30%
Practice Test 2 + TWE
30%
Practice Test 3 + TWE
30%
Total 100%
The practice test scores will not have an adverse effect on your grade
for this class since I will have scores ranging from the 490s to the mid 500s
depending on the English language abilities of the students in this class.
However, your grade will be adversely effected by your failure to take the test.
In other words, if you fail to complete a practice test and consequently you do
not turn in a score to me, your overall grade for this class will be deducted by
15%.
Recommendations
Upon satisfactory completion and if you score an A for this class, I will
gladly write you a recommendation to help you enter an undergraduate or graduate
program, or a professional vocational program of your choice.
Advanced TOEFL Preparation
Winter Quarter 2003
Course Syllabus
(This schedule may be subject to
change throughout the quarter).
Jan 9 Hand out & discuss TOEFL
Syllabus
Week
one Introduction to the TOEFL
14 Diagnostic test
16 TWE Practice test; Review test
Week
Two
21 TOEFL Listening skills and
strategies; TOEFL Grammar skills and strategies
23 TOEFL Reading skills and
strategies
Week
three TOEFL Skills & Strategies
28 TOEFL Listening skills and
strategies;TOEFL Reading skills and strategies
30 TOEFL Listening skills and
strategies; TOEFL Grammar skills and strategies
Week
four TOEFL Skills & Strategies
Feb 4 TOEFL Reading skills and
strategies; TOEFL Grammar skills and strategies
6 TOEFL Listening Skills and
Strategies; TOEFL Reading skills and strategies
Week
five Practice test two
11 Practice test two
13 TWE Practice test two
Week
six TOEFL Skills & Strategies
18 Practice test two review
20 TOEFL Listening skills and
strategies; TOEFL Reading skills and strategies
Week
seven TOEFL Skills & Strategies
25 TOEFL Grammar skills and
strategies
27 TOEFL Listening skills and
strategies; TOEFL Reading skills and strategies
Week
eight Practice test three
Mar 4 Practice Test Three
6 TWE Practice Test Three
Week
nine TOEFL Skills & Strategies
11 Practice test two review
13 TOEFL Reading skills
and strategies
Week
Ten TOEFL Skills & Strategies
18 TOEFL Grammar skills and
strategies; TOEFL Listening skills and strategies
20 & 21 Final exams
Diagnostic Test Results from the Cambridge
Preparation Course for the TOEFL:
Level Five and PreGraduate Students
These data result from a statistical analysis performed on the diagnostic
test. As a TOEFL preparation student, you should also create an individualized
TOEFL study guide that focuses on listening, grammar, and reading TOEFL skills
and strategies.
It is highly likely that you can make some inferences about these data:
1. You will also have difficulty with many of these skills.
2. It would be beneficial if you became familiar with these TOEFL test
taking skills and strategies.
3. If you create an individual TOEFL study guide, you are more likely to
follow a successful, consistent study pattern.
Listening Diagnostic Test Skills: At least 67% of the class had difficulty
with this type of TOEFL question
L 5-7 Sounds
L8 -11 Time, quantity, and comparisons
L12-14 Idioms and phrasal verbsL16-21 Causatives, negatives, modals,
conditions, cause/effects
L25-29 Meaning and context
L37-41 Longer conversations: details
L52-56 Talks: Details
L58-60 Talks: implied details
Grammar Diagnostic Test Skills: At least 67% of the class had difficulty
with this type of TOEFL question
S11-15 Pronouns and possessive adjectives
S17-23 Subjects
S38-43 Word forms
S44-51 Word choice
S55-60 Noun clauses
S89-91 Parallel structure
S92-95 Prepositional phrases
Reading Diagnostic Test Skills: At least 67% of the class had difficulty
with this type of TOEFL question
R 1-20 Vocabulary
R26-35 Details
Low Score: 393-410
Hi Score: 583-603
Mean score: 486.18-501.13
n= 33
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